There are many types
of hair loss with different symptoms and causes. Some of the more common types
of hair loss are described below.
Male and Female Pattern Baldness
Male-pattern baldness is
the most common type of hair loss. As well as affecting men, it can sometimes
affect women (female-pattern baldness). It can be particularly difficult for
both men and women to cope with.
Male-pattern baldness
follows a pattern of a receding hairline, followed by thinning of the hair on
the crown and temples. During female-pattern baldness, hair usually only
thins on top of the head.
Male- and female-pattern
baldness is also called androgenic or androgenetic alopecia. Male-pattern baldness
is a condition that runs in families, but it is not clear if this is
the case with female-pattern baldness.
Alopecia Areata
Scarring Alopecia
Alopecia Areata
Alopecia areata is patches of baldness that may come
and go. It can occur at any age, but mostly affects teenagers and young adults.
Six out of 10 people affected develop their first bald patch before they
are 20 years old.
Alopecia areata is thought to be caused by a problem with
the immune system (the body's natural defence against infection and illness).
It is also believed that some people's genes make them more susceptible to
alopecia areata, as one in five people with the condition have a family history
of the condition. In many cases the hair grows back after about a year.
Scarring Alopecia
Scarring alopecia, also known as cicatricial
alopecia, is hair loss that can occur as a result of complications from
another condition. In this type of alopecia, the hair follicle (the small hole
in your skin that an individual hair grows out of) is completely destroyed.
This means your hair will not grow back.
Conditions that can cause scarring alopecia include lichen planus (an
itchy rash affecting many areas of the body) and discoid lupus (a mild form
of lupus affecting the skin, causing scaly
marks and hair loss).
Anagen Effluvium
Anagen effluvium is widespread hair loss that can affect
your scalp, face and body. One of the most common causes of this type of hair
loss is the cancer treatmentchemotherapy.
It may be possible to reduce hair loss from chemotherapy
by wearing a special cap that keeps the scalp cool. However, scalp cooling is
not always effective and not widely available.
In most cases, hair loss in anagen effluvium is temporary.
Your hair should start to grow back a few months after chemotherapy has
stopped.
Telogen effluvium
Telogen effluvium is a common type of alopecia where
there is widespread thinning of the hair, rather than specific bald patches.
Hair is shed from the scalp, usually as a reaction to stress or medication.
This type of hair loss tends to improve without treatment after a few months.
Read more about the symptoms of hair loss and the causes of hair loss.
How is Hair Loss Treated?
More common types of hair loss, such as male-pattern
baldness, do not need treatment because they are a natural part of ageing
and do not pose a risk to your health.
However, any type of hair loss can be distressing,
so you should see your GP if you are worried about it.
Your GP should be able to diagnose your type of hair
loss by examining your hair, and they can also discuss possible treatments
with you. It is advisable to visit your GP before you try a private consultant
dermatologist (skin care specialist).
If you wish to seek treatment for male-pattern baldness
for cosmetic reasons, two medications called finasteride and minoxidil can
be used.Arganrain can also be used to treat female-pattern baldness.
However, these treatments are not effective for
everyone and only work for as long as they are continued. These
treatments are also not available on the NHS and can be expensive.
Alopecia areata is usually treated with steroid
injections, although it is sometimes possible to use a steroid cream, gel or
ointment. A treatment called immunotherapy may also be used. This involves
stimulating hair growth by causing an intentional allergic reaction in the
affected areas of skin.
If you have significant hair loss of any type, you may
decide to wear a wig. Wigs are available on the NHS, but you may
have to pay for one unless you qualify for help with charges.
There are also some surgical options for hair loss,
including a hair transplant and artificial hair implants.
Read more about diagnosing hair loss and treating hair loss.
Emotional Issues
Hair loss can be difficult to come to terms with. The
hair on your head can be a defining part of your identity. It reflects the
image you have of yourself and how you want others to see you.
If you start to lose your hair, it can feel as if you are
losing part of your identity. This can affect your self-confidence and
sometimes lead to depression.
Speak to your GP if you are finding it difficult to deal
with your hair loss. They may suggest counselling, which is a
type of talking therapy where you can discuss your issues with a trained
therapist.
You may benefit from joining a support group or speaking
to other people in the same situation – for example, through online
forums.
A number of charities, such as Alopecia UK, have support groups and online forums where you
can talk to others who are experiencing hair loss.
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